During the 1930s – the socialist realism construction period – the question of Impressionism as a source of Soviet art became extremely acute, despite the anti-Formalist campaign of 1936. During this campaign the artistic language and worldview of the Impressionists were explicitly identified with a philosophical doctrine that became for Marxist-Leninists a symbol of the worst ideological sin – subjective idealism. It is all the more interesting that over the next few years the art and art history communities, initially demoralised by propaganda, united and waged a consistent struggle for the rehabilitation of Impressionism, which almost succeeded. It is exactly to those “adventures” of Impressionism will be dedicated the lecture by Ilya Doronchenkov, Deputy Director of the A. S. Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Candidate of Sciences (Art History), author of numerous publications on the art of the period.